:root {
      --bg: #ffffff;
      --panel: #ffffff;
      --muted: #64748b; /* slate-500 */
      --text: #0f172a; /* slate-900 */
      --text-strong: #0b1220;
      --ring: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
      /* UofT palette */
      --uoftblue: #1E3765; /* 30,55,101 */
      --uoftoceanblue: #007FA3; /* 0,127,163 */
      --uoftdarkpurple: #6D247A; /* 109,36,122 */
      --uoftred: #DC4633; /* 220,70,51 */
      --uoftskyblue: #6FC7EA; /* 111,199,234 */
      --uoftgreen: #00A189; /* 0,161,137 */
      --uoftmagenta: #AB1368; /* 171,19,104 */
      --uoftdarkgreen: #0D534D; /* 13,83,77 */
      --uoftyellow: #F1C500; /* 241,197,0 */
      --uoftlimegreen: #8DBF2E; /* 141,191,46 */
      --uoftgray: #D0D1C9; /* 208,209,201 */

      /* Accents derived from brand */
      --accent1: var(--uoftred);
      --accent2: var(--uoftblue);
      --accent3: var(--uoftoceanblue);
      --shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      --radius: 14px;
      --sidebar-w: 280px;
      --content-max: 1200px;
    }

    * { box-sizing: border-box; }

    html, body {
      height: 100%;
      scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }

    body {
      margin: 0;
      background:
        radial-gradient(1200px 800px at 20% -10%, rgba(0,127,163,0.10), transparent 60%),
        radial-gradient(900px 700px at 100% 20%, rgba(220,70,51,0.08), transparent 60%),
        var(--bg);
      color: var(--text);
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
      line-height: 1.6;
    }

    a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
    a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

    .layout {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar-w) 1fr;
      min-height: 100vh;
    }

    .sidebar {
      position: sticky;
      top: 0;
      align-self: start;
      height: 100vh;
      padding: 28px 22px;
      border-right: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.06);
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2,6,23,0.03), rgba(2,6,23,0.00));
      backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    }

    .brand {
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: var(--text-strong);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .brand-badge {
      width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 50%;
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent1), var(--accent3));
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(0,127,163,0.15), 0 6px 20px rgba(0,127,163,0.35);
    }

    .nav {
      margin-top: 14px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .nav .label {
      font-size: 12px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 1.2px;
      color: var(--muted);
      margin: 10px 0 6px 10px;
    }

    .nav-link {
      padding: 10px 12px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      color: var(--text);
      border: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: background 200ms ease, color 200ms ease, border-color 200ms ease;
      display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
    }

    .nav-link:hover { background: rgba(2,6,23,0.04); border-color: rgba(2,6,23,0.08); }
    .nav-link.active {
      color: var(--text-strong);
      background: rgba(0,127,163,0.10);
      border-color: rgba(0,127,163,0.35);
      box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,127,163,0.20);
    }

    .content {
      max-width: var(--content-max);
      width: 100%;
      padding: 34px 42px 80px 42px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .section { scroll-margin-top: 24px; }

    .hero {
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2,6,23,0.02), rgba(2,6,23,0.00));
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 32px 28px;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow);
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    .hero::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      border-radius: inherit;
      pointer-events: none;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(220,70,51,0.08), rgba(0,127,163,0.08));
      -webkit-mask: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
      mask: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
    }

    .title {
      font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 56px);
      line-height: 1.1;
      margin: 0 auto 12px auto;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
      display: inline-block; /* ensure gradient spans text width only */
    }

    .gradient-text {
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent1) 0%, var(--accent2) 100%);
      background-repeat: no-repeat;
      background-size: 100% 100%;
      -webkit-background-clip: text;
      background-clip: text;
      -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    }

    .authors { color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 6px; text-align: center; }
    .authors a { color: var(--text); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(2,6,23,0.15); }
    .authors a:hover { color: var(--text-strong); }
    .authors sup { margin-left: 2px; font-size: 0.7em; color: var(--muted); }

    .affiliations { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; display: flex; gap: 18px; margin-bottom: 14px; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; text-align: center; }

    .meta {
      display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      margin-top: 12px;
    }

    .pill {
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      background: rgba(2,6,23,0.02);
      color: var(--text);
      font-size: 14px;
    }

    .links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 10px; justify-content: center; }

    .link-btn {
      display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
      padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 12px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.10);
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(248,250,252,0.9));
      box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.80) inset, 0 6px 16px rgba(2,6,23,0.06);
      transition: transform 120ms ease, border-color 200ms ease, box-shadow 200ms ease, background 200ms ease;
    }
    .link-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); border-color: rgba(0,127,163,0.40); box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.80) inset, 0 10px 22px rgba(2,6,23,0.10); }
    .icon { width: 16px; height: 16px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }

    /* button variants using UofT accents */
    .link-btn[aria-label="ArXiv"] { border-color: rgba(171,19,104,0.30); background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(255,240,248,0.9)); }
    .link-btn[aria-label="Code"] { border-color: rgba(30,55,101,0.30); background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(237,243,255,0.9)); }
    .link-btn[aria-label="Poster"] { border-color: rgba(241,197,0,0.35); background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(255,251,230,0.9)); }
    .link-btn[aria-label="Twitter thread"] { border-color: rgba(111,199,234,0.35); background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(233,248,255,0.9)); }
    .link-btn[aria-label="Video"] { border-color: rgba(0,161,137,0.35); background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(231,250,246,0.9)); }

    .section-block {
      margin-top: 26px;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2,6,23,0.02), rgba(2,6,23,0.00));
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 22px 22px;
    }

    .section-title { font-size: 22px; margin: 0 0 8px 0; color: var(--text-strong); position: relative; display: inline-block; }
    .section-title::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -6px; height: 3px; border-radius: 3px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--uoftmagenta), var(--uoftoceanblue)); opacity: 0.6; }
    .section-desc { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 14px 0; }

    .media {
      width: 100%;
      border-radius: 12px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      background: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    }

    .overview-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      gap: 16px;
      margin-top: 12px;
    }

    .results-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
      gap: 16px;
      margin-top: 12px;
    }

    .result-card {
      border: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.08);
      border-radius: 14px;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2,6,23,0.02), rgba(2,6,23,0.00));
      padding: 14px;
      display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px;
      transform: translateZ(0); /* enable GPU acceleration */
      transition: transform 220ms ease, box-shadow 220ms ease, border-color 200ms ease;
      position: relative;
    }

    .result-card::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute; left: 10px; right: 10px; top: 10px; height: 4px; border-radius: 4px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--uoftyellow), var(--uoftgreen));
      opacity: 0.8;
    }

    .result-card h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; color: var(--text-strong); }
    .figure {
      aspect-ratio: 16/10;
      border: 1px dashed rgba(2,6,23,0.14);
      border-radius: 10px;
      background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgba(30,55,101,0.06) 0 10px, rgba(0,127,163,0.04) 10px 20px);
      display: grid; place-items: center;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 14px;
    }

    /* hover enlarge without layout shift */
    .results-grid:has(.result-card:hover) .result-card { opacity: 0.9; }
    .result-card:hover {
      transform: scale(1.03);
      box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(2,6,23,0.10);
      border-color: rgba(0,127,163,0.35);
    }

    .logos { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; align-items: center; }
    .logo {
      width: 140px; height: 60px; border-radius: 10px;
      border: 1px dashed rgba(2,6,23,0.18);
      display: grid; place-items: center;
      color: var(--muted);
      background: #ffffff;
    }

    footer { margin-top: 18px; color: var(--muted); }

    @media (max-width: 1024px) {
      .layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .sidebar {
        position: sticky; top: 0; height: auto; border-right: none;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(2,6,23,0.06);
        background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
      }
      .nav { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }
      .nav .label { display: none; }
    }

    @media (max-width: 720px) {
      .results-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .content { padding: 28px 20px 64px 20px; }
      .overview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }


    .figure {
      width: 100%;
      height: 400px;           /* or any fixed height you prefer */
      overflow: hidden;        /* hides anything that overflows */
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      background-color: #f9f9f9;  /* optional: gives a neutral background */
      border-radius: 8px;         /* optional: rounded corners */
    }
    
    .figure img {
      max-width: 100%;
      max-height: 100%;
      object-fit: contain;    /* ensures full image fits without distortion */
    }

    .section-block {
      padding: 2rem;
      background: #fff; /* clean background instead of grey */
    }
    
    .results-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
      gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .result-card {
      background: #f9fafb; /* soft light background */
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 1.5rem;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
      transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
    }
    
    .result-card:hover {
      transform: translateY(-4px);
      box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    }
    
    .result-card h3 {
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
      font-size: 1.2rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-align: center;
    }
    
    .figure {
      width: 100%;
      overflow: hidden;
      border-radius: 10px;
    }
    
    .figure img {
      display: block;
      width: 100%;      /* fill container */
      height: auto;     /* keep aspect ratio */
      object-fit: cover;/* crop nicely if needed */
      background: #fff; /* no grey behind transparency */
    }